Computer Architecture

Computer Architecture
There is no specific provision about how to structure a computer system. Every expert and designer of computer architecture have their respective views. However, to simplify we understand the components and functions of each hardware component computers, we need to have general knowledge about the structure of the system computer.

 Description:

• GPU = Graphics Processing Unit;
• AGP = Accelerated Graphics Port;
• HDD = Hard Disk Drive;
• FDD = Floppy Disk Drive;
• FSB = Front Side Bus;
• USB = Universal Serial Bus;
• PCI = Peripheral Component Interconnect;
• RTC = Real Time Clock;
• PATA = parallel Advanced Technology Attachment;
• SATA = Serial Advanced Technology Attachment;
• ISA = Industry Standard Architecture;
• IDE = Intelligent Drive Electronics / Integrated Drive Electronics;
• MCA = Micro Channel Architecture;
• PS / 2 = Port that was built by IBM for connecting a mouse and keyboard to the PC

 Computer Hardware
Hardware on a computer system divided into 3 main sections, namely:
1. Input Unit
2. Processing Unit
3. Output Unit
 
Input Unit
Is part of the computer hardware that serves as a tool
to enter data into the computer and so forth. Tools
input of this unit include:

• Keyboard 
• Mouse
• Media Storage (such as HDD, FDD, CD, DVD etc).
• Scanner
• including Touch Screen Monitor, light pen, etc..

Processing Unit

Processing unit is also called CPU (Central Processing Unit) which is heart of the computer. Doing major work such as process, calculation, logic, control, setting the performance relationships between components,
and allocate temporary or permanent storage. The device as its main processor and which are usually present Chipshet on the Mainboard

In general, the CPU has 3 main components again, namely:

• Aritmatic & Logical Unit (ALU)
• Control Unit
• Main Memory (Main Storage)

Aritmatic & Logical Unit (ALU)

The main task of the ALU perform arithmetic calculations are well make a decision of logic and bit manipulation operations, according to with the instructions of the program.

Control Unit
Function as a regulator and controller of all existing equipment on computer system and set when the input device to receive data and when output device displays on a monitor (Instruction Cycle).

 
Main Memory (Main Storage)
Main memory is a place or medium used for store data that will be or are being processed by a computer system. Main memory is divided into two parts, namely:

• ROM (Read Only Memory) and
• RAM (Random Access Memory)

ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM is permanent memory contained on a computer system was compiled and produced by the factory and usually not to be changed by computer user.
ROM consists of the basic program for a computer system configurations, such as BIOS, BASIC and the bootstrap loader. Signals regulating in this ROM all tasks the CPU (Central Processing Unit) when the computer starts is enabled / turned on.
RAM (Random Access Memory)
All data entered through input devices on each application will first entered into RAM. The data contained in
RAM is only temporary, if the computer is turned off then the data will disappear.

 
Output Unit
Is hardware that functions to present the results of output of processes that are working on the computer. The form of the output equipment These include:

• Monitor
• Printer
• Projector
• Speaker, etc.